It's not too surprising you would have needed to replace the front HO2S and the catalytic converter together. A poorly running primary HO2S can throw the air:fuel mixture off, and this can damage or foul the catalytic converter. I just went through this with a 2000 EX, whose catalytic coverter was nearly completely clogged after a front HO2S failed (at least, I assume that's the order of events; I bought the vehicle post-failure as a fixer-upper)
On a 6th gen Civic ECU, I believe the secondary heater O2 sensor mostly just verifies the catalytic converter is working, e.g.: it doesn't influence the fuel trims, just helps verify emissions health. You shouldn't need a anti-fouler if you're on a completely stock setup, but maybe the replacement catalytic converter is higher flow or otherwise different from OE spec such that it could require such a setup.
You mentioned a slow response in sensor code, which would be P0133 for the primary (front) HO2S and P0139 for the secondary (rear) HO2S. Was this the code you started with, the code you were told after getting the new sensors, or did you actually see this result both times? Why did you replace both HO2S probes at once? What was the brand/model of the front and rear replacement sensors (they are each different part numbers)? If it wasn't Denso brand (for example, if it were a Bosch sensor), it may simply not be working to OE spec...