I apologize that I can't be more help with the badges. I don't have any access to anything dealing with them. The only person who can make changes, or knows exactly how they work is Justin. So if it's not appearing for someone when it should, I don't know how to help. When Justin gets back, it can be addressed. The only thing I know is that the badges are tied to usergroups. When you get banned, you're put into a specific user group with specific permissions. When you get VIP status, you're put into a specific group with specific permissions.. When you're a mod, when you're a smod, etc...
So basically, badges are just a different setting that takes effect when you're placed into specific usergroups. In this case, when you reach the right amount of years/posts, you're placed in the VIP user group which gives you access to the VIP section and gives you a VIP badge. That's just a little insight into how the badge system works. Beyond that, I don't know much/any more about it.